physic report

Finally, my physic report has been finished.
Thankz God,,,
I hope it will be useful to the other people....

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Australian English Debate Rules

well guys, this some terms rules in australian english debate
Motion: topik yg diperdebatkan(tentu sdh pada tau)
Parameter : Limitation of the argument
>>yaitu batasan yg harus diberikan oleh team positif agar pembicaraan tidak panjang lebar dan tdk sesuai dgn Motion.
Parameter penting skali karena dlm perdebatan akan muncul ide2 baru yg nantinya tdk akn bertemu pada satu titik.Maka guna parameter untuk membatasi pembicaraan.
Parameter jg bs digunakan sbg penjebak apabila team lawan berargumen yg keluar dari parameter anda.
Jika Positif team tidak memberikn parameter maka haknya bisa diambil oleh negatif team dan itu sgt berbahaya,krn jalur pembicaraan dipegang team lawan.

Team Split : bagian2 yg akn di bicarakan oleh msg2 speaker.
mis: society point of view,Law point of view,Morality point of view,Health pof dll.

Themeline: garis besar/inti dari motion yg diambil dari keseluruhan argument

Matter : materi yg dismpaikn harus sesuai n berhubungan dengan motion(jgn keluar jalur)
Manner: cara penyampaian argument: sopan,tegas,meyakinkan,suara jgn sampai lembek karena berpengaruh pd kekuatan argument anda,jg BODY LANGUAGE jg sngt penting(jgn tegang seprti patung).
(bs dgn alittle bit emotion,tapi jgn marah2)
method: metode penyampaian dr 1st speaker-3rd speaker dan pembagian tugas harus jelas.
Ketiga unsur ini mempengaruhi margin dlm penjurian.
Timer : Ini jg sgnt penting wkt smakin panjang makin bgs.
Pengalaman sy dl: wkt bicara tdk ush terburu2 jk apa yg disampaikan tidak banyak,cr mengulur dgn pura2 berpikir(acting),jd wkt kita yg lama sebelum ketukan hrs berhenti akn menambah margin jg dlm penilaian.
Reply Speech: kesimpulan dari ketiga argument yg menguatkan. Bisa di bawakan oleh 1st atau 2nd speaker(pembicara ketiga tdk boleh mberikan RSpch didlm Australian debate rules.
Perlu diingat dlm penyampaian rplyspch jgn sampai membuka kasus/ ide baru.Hanya sebuah penegasan dari argument team saja.

Tugas2 Team Affirmatif

1st speaker: (1st speaker mndpt tgas paling byk n jgn ada yg tertinggal)
>introducing team
>Giving the motion,parameter,themeline and team split.
>argument
Contoh:
Greetings
>Good morning/afternoon,ladies and gentleman the member of this house..atau..Madam,Mr.speaker sir the member of this house.
Thankyou for the apportunity that given to me.We are from SMK N 1 Saptosari Wonosari.Lets me to introduce our team.
Me as the 1st speakr,my name is..., Our 2nd speaker is...,and our 3rd speaker is...
Next i would like to give our motion today,our motion today is Thbt our govermnt should take a firm action upon illegal miner.
From that motion we will give our themeline: That we as the affirmatif team absolutly agree that the gvrment must take a firm action to the illegal miner for the goodness of our country.

Then our parameter today is that we just talk about the gold illegal miner in our country(dalam hal ini bs anda ganti dgn pertambangan yg lain,misal: minyak etc.)
(Jadi jk lawan anda sampai bicara soal minyak pdhal team anda memberikan pembatasan hanya pada penambangan emas,berarti satu kelemahan dari lawn bisa anda jadikan senjata.Anda bisa langsung nembak bahwa apa yg mrka bicarakan lari dari parameter yg anda buat sbg team+)
well,continue to our team split,
Me as the 1fst speaker would like to talk about the effect for Economic point of view,our 2nd speaker would like to talk about the Law pov and the 3rd speaker wldlike to give more proof and summery of our argument.(bisa diganti P.o.v.yg lain, mis: society dll)

And for the reply speech(kesimpulan) will be give by (1st or 2nd )speaker.
Next ladies and gentleman,i would like to give mour argument..(...)silahkan berargument sesuai point of view anda.
Jangan lupa untuk memberikan salam penutup n ucapan terimakasih(untuk smua pembicara)

2nd speaker:
Tugas:>Rebutle the 1st speaker of Neg Team.
>Argument
3rd speaker:
>Rebutle the 2nd speaker of Neg team
> memberikan penguatan atas argumen pembicara1 dan 2
>memberikan contoh n bukti yg kuat untuk keseluruhan argument of the team.
Khusus untuk 3rd speaker lebih baik yg bnr2 pandai brbicara dan lebih galak.Karena 3rd spkr adalah ujung tombak dari team anda.jadi 3rd speaker adlh hrs yg pling kuat dlm berargument.

Tugas Untuk Negatif team:
pada dasarnya sama hanya tidak perlu membuat parameter krn team afirmatif telah menentukan sendiri
Sebagai negatif hrs jeli terhadap tugas2 1st speaker of +. Ingat: jika tdk ada parameter anda bisa merebut point itu.
katakan saja mis:
1st speaker of Neg: well because the 1st speaker of affrmtf team didnt give us the parameter,so here i wouldlike to give our parameter today...bla..bla..
Jadi mau tdk mau mrk hrs ikut jalur anda.(sesuatu yg sepele dan sangat menjatuhkan posisi lawan krn bisa saja mrk tdk kepikiran tentang batasan pembicaraan yg anda buat,jd mrk bisa bingung sendiri mengawali argument mereka.)
seandainya mrka nekat lari tnp peduli parameter anda,maka itu suatu kesalahan yg besar,berarti perdebatan tdk ada artinya alias cuma bicara sendiri2 dan anda bisa langsung menegurnya.

jelasnya:
1st speaker: >Rebutle of the 1st speaker afrmtf
>Pembagian tugas sama sprti diatas
>Argument
2nd : >rebutle of the2nd spkr of afrmtf
>argument
3rd :>rebutle of 3rd speaker of + team
> proofing n summery(jgn buat kasus baru)

demikian kurang lebihnya untuk Australian debate rules.Ada jg untuk Australasia debate rules yaitu sama dgn diatas hanya saja pd saat masing2 pembicara berargumen, maka pembicara dr tean lawan bisa mendebat secara langsung(debat Kusir).
mis ditengah anda sedang bera argument maka salah satu atau dua..atau bahkan ketiganya dari team lawan akan berdiri sambil mengangkat tangan dan berteriak P.o.i (point of interuption)lalu menyampaikan rebutlenya untuk anda.
namun cara ini jarang dipakai,hanya kemarin pernah sy alami di EDC smu-smk seDIY di AKPRIND univ.

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Cara Kerja Rem Cakram

Cara Kerja Rem Cakram
Rem cakram dioperasikan secara mekanis dengan memakai kabel baja dan batang/tangkai secara hidrolist dengan memakai tekanan cairan. Pada rem cakram, putaran roda dikurangi atau dihentikan dengan cara penjepitan cakram (disc) oleh dua bilah sepatu rem (brake pads). Rem cakram mempunyai sebuah plat disc (plat piringan) yang terbuat dari stainless steel (baja) yang akan berputar bersamaan dengan roda. Pada saat rem digunakan plat disc tercekam dengan gaya bantalan piston yang bekerja sacara hidrolik.

Gambar 2. Rem hidrolis dan komponennya.
Pada rem cakram tipe hidrolis sebagai pemindah gerak handel menjadi gerak pad, maka digunakanlah minyak rem. Ketika handel rem ditarik, piston di dalam silinder master akan terdorong dan menekan minyak rem keluar silinder. Melalui selang rem tekanan ini diteruskan oleh minyak rem untuk mendorong piston yang berada di dalam silinder caliper. Akibatnya piston pada caliper ini mendorong pad untuk mencengkram cakram, sehingga terjadilah aksi pengereman.

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Kompor bahan bakar air

a

Dear friends, ada yang bisa ngasih cara kerja kompor bahan bakar air dicampur dengan bahan bakar minyak dengan perbandingan 1 minyak tanah : 10 airr? aku lihat di beberapa TV menanyangkan hal itu di Banyumas, bahkan ada investor asal Jerman yang menawarkan hak patennya 1,4 milyard rupiah.

LIPI sendiri gimana?

kasih comments ya...

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PERCEPTION OF RESEARCH

PERCEPTION OF RESEARCH
MEANING OF RESEARCH
- Research simply seeks the answer of certain questions which have not been answered so far and the answers depend upon human efforts
-Research is the most important process for advancing knowledge for promoting progress and to enable man to relate more effectively to his environment to accomplish his purpose and to resolve his conflicts. Although it is not the only way, it is one of the more effective ways of solving scientific problems
-Research is devoted to find the conditions under which a certain phenomenon occurs and the conditions under which it does not occur in what might appear to be similar circumstances.
TERM OF RESEARCH
The term of research consists of 2 words
 Re = again - Search = find out something
-The research is a process of which a person observes the phenomena again and again and collects the data and on the basis of data he draws some conclusions.
DEFINITION OF RESEARCH
-Many experts give a definition about research, for example Rusk, Goerge Mouly, Francis J. Cornell, Clifford Woody, CC Crawford etc.
According to Rusk
“Research is a point of view, an attitude of inquiry or a frame of mind. It asks questions which have hitherto not been asked, and it seeks to answer them by following a fairly definite procedure. It is not a mere theorizing, but rather an attempt to elicit facts and to face them once they have been assembled. Research is likewise not an attempt to bolster up pre-conceived opinions, and it implies a readiness to accept the conclusions to which an inquiry leads, no matter how unwelcome they may prove. When successful, research adds to the scientific knowledge of the subject.
According To George Mouly
“The systematic and scholarly application of the scientific method interpreted in its broader sense, to the solution of social studies problems; conversely, any systematic study designed to promote the development of social studies as a science can be considered research.”
The following characteristics may be gathered from the definitions of ‘Research’;
1. It gathers new knowledge or data from primary or first-hand sources.
2. It places emphasis upon the discovery of general principles.
3. It is an exact systematic and accurate investigation.
4. It uses certain valid data gathering devices.
5. It is logical and objective.
6. The researcher resists the temptation to seek only the data that support his hypotheses.
7. The researcher eliminates personal feelings and preferences.
8. It endeavors to organize data in quantitative terms.
9. Research is patient and unhurried activity.
10. The researcher is willing to follow his procedures to the conclusions that may be unpopular and bring social disapproval.
11. Research is carefully recorded and reported.
12. Conclusions and generalizations are arrived at carefully and cautiously.
Objective of research
The research has the following three objectives:
1. Theoretical Objective
Those researches whose objectives are theoretical formulate the new theories, principles or laws. Such type of research is explanatory because it explains the relationships of certain variables. These researches contribute some basic knowledge to the human knowledge. The researches in different disciplines i.e., Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics etc. have the theoretical objective.
2. Factual Objective
Those researches whose objective is factual find out new facts. This objective is by nature descriptive. These researches describe facts or events which happened previously. Such type of research is done in history.
3. Application Objective
The research having application objective does not contribute a new knowledge in the fund of human knowledge but suggests new applications. By application we mean improvement and modification in practice. For example if anyone gives a new application of electricity then such type of research has application objective.
CLASSIFICATION OF RESEARCH
1. Basic Level
Trevers has defined basic level as basic research. It is designed to add an organized body of scientific knowledge and does not necessarily produce results of immediate practical value.
2. Applied Level
Applied research is undertaken to solve an immediate practical problem and the goal of adding to scientific knowledge is secondary.
KINDS OF RESEARCH
A. On the Basis of Objectives of Research
On the basis of objectives of research they are of two types:
1. Fundamental research and
2. Action research.
B.On the Basis of Approach of Research
On the basis of approach of Research they are of two types:
1. Longitudinal research: Historical research, case study, genetic comes under longitudinal approach of research.
2. Cross sectional research: Experimental research, survey are the examples of cross sectional research.
C. On the Basis of Precision in Research Findings
On the basis of precision (accuracy) the researches are:
1. Experimental research and
2. Non-experimental research.
Experimental research is precise while non-experimental is not.
D. On the Basis of Nature of Findings
On the basis of findings Researches are of two types:
1. Explanatory research: Such researches explain more concerned theories. laws and principles.
2. Descriptive research: These are more concerned with facts.
F. Another Classification
1. Adhoc research: Adhoc research is the class of inquiry used for a purpose alone and special.
2. Empirical research: Empirical research is that which depends upon the experience or observation of phenomena and events.
3. Explained research: Explained research is that which is based on a theory.
4. Boarder line research: Boarder line research is that which involves those main two branches or are as of science. For example study of public school finance.

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